Chapter 6 Chemical Energy
Cellular respiration - cells making _______________ from food.
___________ - energy currency.
Aerobic respiration - uses oxygen, O2. Example:
Anaerobic respiration - doesn't use ____________. Example:
Glycolysis - common pathway; makes 2 ATP, _________ NADH, 2 pyruvates; occurs in cytosol.
NADH - holds a _______________ for the electron transport chain.
Pyruvate - _______________ carbon molecule from breaking glucose in half; swing molecule.
Kreb's cycle - aerobic pathway; makes 2 ATP, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, _________ CO2; occurs in matrix of mitochondria.
FADH2 - holds a hydrogen for the ___________________ transport chain.
Electron transport chain - ________________; 32 ATP; occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Aerobic pathway - makes 36 ATP, __________ CO2 per glucose.
Alcoholic fermentation - pyruvate is made into an _____________; makes 2 ethanols, 2 ATP, and 2 CO2 per glucose;
anaerobic respiration. Example:
Lactic acid fermentation - makes 2 ATP and 2 lactic acids per glucose; occurs in _______________; anaerobic
respiration.
Complex carbohydrates can be converted into ____________________ to go through the aerobic pathway.
Lipids, triglycerides, and ____________ can be converted to glycerol to become pyruvic acid.
Low density lipoproteins - ___________ cholesterol; causes plaque in blood vessels.
____________ density lipoproteins - good cholesterol; takes cholesterol to liver.
_____________ - can be converted to various chemicals in the aerobic pathway.
Nonessential amino acids - your body can make, so you don't have to eat; ___________.
Essential amino acids - must be gotten from ___________; 9.
Phenylketonuria - PKU; can't break down phenylalanine, which builds up in developing _____________ and causes
mental retardation.
Nucleic acids - can be converted to various chemicals in the aerobic pathway.
calorie - a measurement of energy; amount of _______________ to raise 1 gram of water 1°C.
Calorie - amount of energy to raise ____________ grams of water 1 °C; 1 kilocalorie; 1 food Calorie.
Most people need about ____________ Calories per day, but that does vary by person.
Different foods have _____________ amounts of Calories per gram.
Sure fire diet - eat less, exercise more.
One pound of fat = ______________ Cal.
Most diets say you should only lose __________ pounds per week safely.
Aerobic exercise burns fat. Anaerobic exercise builds muscle. Muscle tissue burns ____________ Calories than fat
tissue.
Basal metabolic rate - when you are just sitting here, doing nothing, eating nothing.
Factors that raise metabolic rate: exercise, thyroid hormones, sympathetic nervous system, ____________, eating,
being in a cold temperature, pregnancy, being male, being young, being awake, thin.
Stress, _____________, overall health, and phases of the menstrual cycle can all affect BMR.
You should be eating nice balanced meals so that you get your daily recommended supply of vitamins and minerals
from your food.
Anorexic - ______________ perception of body image.
Bulimic - eat a _________________ meals, but purge from body.
Last updated: 4-5-06.
Cellular respiration - cells making _______________ from food.
___________ - energy currency.
Aerobic respiration - uses oxygen, O2. Example:
Anaerobic respiration - doesn't use ____________. Example:
Glycolysis - common pathway; makes 2 ATP, _________ NADH, 2 pyruvates; occurs in cytosol.
NADH - holds a _______________ for the electron transport chain.
Pyruvate - _______________ carbon molecule from breaking glucose in half; swing molecule.
Kreb's cycle - aerobic pathway; makes 2 ATP, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, _________ CO2; occurs in matrix of mitochondria.
FADH2 - holds a hydrogen for the ___________________ transport chain.
Electron transport chain - ________________; 32 ATP; occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Aerobic pathway - makes 36 ATP, __________ CO2 per glucose.
Alcoholic fermentation - pyruvate is made into an _____________; makes 2 ethanols, 2 ATP, and 2 CO2 per glucose;
anaerobic respiration. Example:
Lactic acid fermentation - makes 2 ATP and 2 lactic acids per glucose; occurs in _______________; anaerobic
respiration.
Complex carbohydrates can be converted into ____________________ to go through the aerobic pathway.
Lipids, triglycerides, and ____________ can be converted to glycerol to become pyruvic acid.
Low density lipoproteins - ___________ cholesterol; causes plaque in blood vessels.
____________ density lipoproteins - good cholesterol; takes cholesterol to liver.
_____________ - can be converted to various chemicals in the aerobic pathway.
Nonessential amino acids - your body can make, so you don't have to eat; ___________.
Essential amino acids - must be gotten from ___________; 9.
Phenylketonuria - PKU; can't break down phenylalanine, which builds up in developing _____________ and causes
mental retardation.
Nucleic acids - can be converted to various chemicals in the aerobic pathway.
calorie - a measurement of energy; amount of _______________ to raise 1 gram of water 1°C.
Calorie - amount of energy to raise ____________ grams of water 1 °C; 1 kilocalorie; 1 food Calorie.
Most people need about ____________ Calories per day, but that does vary by person.
Different foods have _____________ amounts of Calories per gram.
Sure fire diet - eat less, exercise more.
One pound of fat = ______________ Cal.
Most diets say you should only lose __________ pounds per week safely.
Aerobic exercise burns fat. Anaerobic exercise builds muscle. Muscle tissue burns ____________ Calories than fat
tissue.
Basal metabolic rate - when you are just sitting here, doing nothing, eating nothing.
Factors that raise metabolic rate: exercise, thyroid hormones, sympathetic nervous system, ____________, eating,
being in a cold temperature, pregnancy, being male, being young, being awake, thin.
Stress, _____________, overall health, and phases of the menstrual cycle can all affect BMR.
You should be eating nice balanced meals so that you get your daily recommended supply of vitamins and minerals
from your food.
Anorexic - ______________ perception of body image.
Bulimic - eat a _________________ meals, but purge from body.
Last updated: 4-5-06.
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