Chapter 5 The Working Cell
Cellular respiration - cells making energy from _______________.
ATP - energy currency.
Energy - capacity to do _____________.
Potential energy - energy that ____________ being used. Example:
Kinetic energy - ______________ that is being actively used. Example:
Chemical energy - energy that is stored in chemical reactions; potential energy; ______________.
First law of thermodynamics - energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change its
__________.
_____________ law of thermodynamics - when energy is converted from one form to another, the
amount of useful energy decreases.
Entropy - randomness and disorder that increases from ______________ law.
Exergonic - extra energy is given _________ when the bonds forms.
Endergonic - it _____________ extra energy to form a bond.
Metabolism - sum of ____________ chemical reactions.
Catabolism - _____________ large molecules into small. Example:
Anabolism - small molecules _____________ up to large. Example:
Enzymes - proteins that speed up chemical reactions by _____________ the activation energy;
catalysts; very specific; very efficient.
Energy of activation - energy needed to make a _____________ go.
Substrate - molecule to be changed; ___________
Active site - part of the enzyme that binds to the ______________; lock.
Many diseases / disorders are caused by missing a particular ________________.
Changing the temperature, pH, or ____________ concentration will change the enzyme's activity.
Coenzyme - small organic molecule that is required for some enzymes to work.
Cofactor - small, inorganic molecule that is required for some enzymes to work; ______________, zinc,
magnesium, calcium.
Competitive inhibition - something else competes for the ______________ site; sulfa drugs.
Sulfa drugs keep PABA from being converted to folic ___________________.
Irreversible inhibition - changes structure of enzyme so it doesn't work any more. Example:
Enzyme names end in -_____________; penicillinase, lactase, nuclease, lipase.
Last updated: 8-25-06.
Cellular respiration - cells making energy from _______________.
ATP - energy currency.
Energy - capacity to do _____________.
Potential energy - energy that ____________ being used. Example:
Kinetic energy - ______________ that is being actively used. Example:
Chemical energy - energy that is stored in chemical reactions; potential energy; ______________.
First law of thermodynamics - energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change its
__________.
_____________ law of thermodynamics - when energy is converted from one form to another, the
amount of useful energy decreases.
Entropy - randomness and disorder that increases from ______________ law.
Exergonic - extra energy is given _________ when the bonds forms.
Endergonic - it _____________ extra energy to form a bond.
Metabolism - sum of ____________ chemical reactions.
Catabolism - _____________ large molecules into small. Example:
Anabolism - small molecules _____________ up to large. Example:
Enzymes - proteins that speed up chemical reactions by _____________ the activation energy;
catalysts; very specific; very efficient.
Energy of activation - energy needed to make a _____________ go.
Substrate - molecule to be changed; ___________
Active site - part of the enzyme that binds to the ______________; lock.
Many diseases / disorders are caused by missing a particular ________________.
Changing the temperature, pH, or ____________ concentration will change the enzyme's activity.
Coenzyme - small organic molecule that is required for some enzymes to work.
Cofactor - small, inorganic molecule that is required for some enzymes to work; ______________, zinc,
magnesium, calcium.
Competitive inhibition - something else competes for the ______________ site; sulfa drugs.
Sulfa drugs keep PABA from being converted to folic ___________________.
Irreversible inhibition - changes structure of enzyme so it doesn't work any more. Example:
Enzyme names end in -_____________; penicillinase, lactase, nuclease, lipase.
Last updated: 8-25-06.
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TEST REVIEW