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Chapter 29 The Senses
Hearing - hairs in the cochlea bend in response to _______________ waves.
Pinna - outer ear
Tympanic membrane - amplifies sound waves; _______________.
Eustachian tube - connects middle ear to _______________; equalizes pressure in
ears.
Malleous, incus, and stapes - ear _______________ that amplify and transfer
vibrations to cochlea.
Cochlea - fluid filled shell with hairs in it; close hairs sense _____________ pitch,
further hairs sense low pitch.
Pitch - frequency of the vibration; bass vs. soprano; measured in hertz.
Loudness - magnitude of the ______________ vibrations; measured in decibels.
Hearing aids - amplify sounds coming to the eardrum.
Cochlear implants - convert ______________ to electronic signals; imitates
cochlear hairs.
Equilibrium - hairs in the semicircular canals bend in response to ______________.
Semicircular canals - _________ tubes at right angles to each other; bending hairs
create action potentials.
Vestibule - place where the ____________ semicircular canals come together
Vestibularcochlear nerve - transmits equilibrium and hearing nerve impulses to the
______________________.
Motion sickness - overactive ____________ in semicircular canals due to
movement.
Vertigo - overactive hairs in the semicircular canals ______________ any
movement.
Ophthalmologist - _____________________ doctor plus extra training; can do eye
surgeries and corrective lenses.
Optometrist - doctor of optometry; can _________________ prescribe corrective
lenses.
Optician - associate degree of opticianry; makes _________________.
Cornea - transparent, _____________ part of eye.
Conjunctiva - ___________ cell layer thick covering on eyeball and inside of
eyelids.
Pinkeye - irritation of conjunctiva, often from bacterial infection.
Sclera - __________ part of eye.
Iris - _____________ part of the eye.
Pupil - hole in the ____________; lets in more or less light.
Lens - behind pupil; can change shape to focus _____________ on retina.
Ciliary muscle - contracts to change shape of ________________________
Suspensory ligaments - attached to ciliary __________________ and lens; actually
pulls on lens
Aqueous humor - gel like substance in ________________________ portion of eye
Vitreous humor - gel like substance in ________________________ portion of eye
Vision - _______________________ is focused on the retina
Retina - layer of photoreceptors inside of eyeball; consists of rods and cones.
Photoreceptors - sense light; only in ______________.
Rods - black and white vision; need relatively ___________ light
Cones - ____________ vision; red, blue, & green; need lots of light.
Fovea - area of retina with _____________ concentration of cones.
Optic nerve - takes the light messages from the rods and cones to the
_______________.
Blind spot - where optic nerve leaves eye and there is __________ retina.
Astigmatism - ___________ lens or cornea; light doesn't focus right on retina.
Myopia - nearsighted; ___________ eyeball; focus is in front of retina.
Hyperopia - farsighted; short eyeball; focus is ____________ retina.
Normal vision - 20 / 20; you see at 20 feet what most people see at _________ feet.
Nearsighted - you can see __________ things; long eyeball; 20 / 30 - you see at 20
feet what most people can still see at 30 feet.
Lasik - uses ___________ to remove part of eyeball.
Farsighted - can see well far away; ___________ eyeball; 20 / 10 - you can see at
20 feet what most people have to be 10 feet to still see.
Colorblind - missing one or more types of cones, usually red; more common in
______________.
Glaucoma - excessive _____________ in eyeball.
Cataracts - cloudy _____________.
Floaties - looks like pieces of lint floating across your eye; more common as you get
_____________; from vitreous body pulling away from retina.
Detached retina - retina layer comes off the ____________ of the eyeball.
Images are upside down and _______________ when they reach the retina.
Smell - ________________ neuron for each different odor.
The more surface area the smell dendrites are exposed to, the ____________
sensitive they are.
Smell adapts pretty quickly.
Olfactory nerve - smell nerve.
Taste - composed of varying amounts of ________ different chemicals.
Papillae - taste _____________; where taste dendrites are.
Filiform papillae - other bumps on tongue which don't contribute to taste.
Some tastes are genetic.
Hot, spicy foods are __________ sensed by taste buds.
____________ receptors - sense how spicy the food is.
Taste buds decay with ____________.
Last updated: 8-26-04.
Hearing - hairs in the cochlea bend in response to _______________ waves.
Pinna - outer ear
Tympanic membrane - amplifies sound waves; _______________.
Eustachian tube - connects middle ear to _______________; equalizes pressure in
ears.
Malleous, incus, and stapes - ear _______________ that amplify and transfer
vibrations to cochlea.
Cochlea - fluid filled shell with hairs in it; close hairs sense _____________ pitch,
further hairs sense low pitch.
Pitch - frequency of the vibration; bass vs. soprano; measured in hertz.
Loudness - magnitude of the ______________ vibrations; measured in decibels.
Hearing aids - amplify sounds coming to the eardrum.
Cochlear implants - convert ______________ to electronic signals; imitates
cochlear hairs.
Equilibrium - hairs in the semicircular canals bend in response to ______________.
Semicircular canals - _________ tubes at right angles to each other; bending hairs
create action potentials.
Vestibule - place where the ____________ semicircular canals come together
Vestibularcochlear nerve - transmits equilibrium and hearing nerve impulses to the
______________________.
Motion sickness - overactive ____________ in semicircular canals due to
movement.
Vertigo - overactive hairs in the semicircular canals ______________ any
movement.
Ophthalmologist - _____________________ doctor plus extra training; can do eye
surgeries and corrective lenses.
Optometrist - doctor of optometry; can _________________ prescribe corrective
lenses.
Optician - associate degree of opticianry; makes _________________.
Cornea - transparent, _____________ part of eye.
Conjunctiva - ___________ cell layer thick covering on eyeball and inside of
eyelids.
Pinkeye - irritation of conjunctiva, often from bacterial infection.
Sclera - __________ part of eye.
Iris - _____________ part of the eye.
Pupil - hole in the ____________; lets in more or less light.
Lens - behind pupil; can change shape to focus _____________ on retina.
Ciliary muscle - contracts to change shape of ________________________
Suspensory ligaments - attached to ciliary __________________ and lens; actually
pulls on lens
Aqueous humor - gel like substance in ________________________ portion of eye
Vitreous humor - gel like substance in ________________________ portion of eye
Vision - _______________________ is focused on the retina
Retina - layer of photoreceptors inside of eyeball; consists of rods and cones.
Photoreceptors - sense light; only in ______________.
Rods - black and white vision; need relatively ___________ light
Cones - ____________ vision; red, blue, & green; need lots of light.
Fovea - area of retina with _____________ concentration of cones.
Optic nerve - takes the light messages from the rods and cones to the
_______________.
Blind spot - where optic nerve leaves eye and there is __________ retina.
Astigmatism - ___________ lens or cornea; light doesn't focus right on retina.
Myopia - nearsighted; ___________ eyeball; focus is in front of retina.
Hyperopia - farsighted; short eyeball; focus is ____________ retina.
Normal vision - 20 / 20; you see at 20 feet what most people see at _________ feet.
Nearsighted - you can see __________ things; long eyeball; 20 / 30 - you see at 20
feet what most people can still see at 30 feet.
Lasik - uses ___________ to remove part of eyeball.
Farsighted - can see well far away; ___________ eyeball; 20 / 10 - you can see at
20 feet what most people have to be 10 feet to still see.
Colorblind - missing one or more types of cones, usually red; more common in
______________.
Glaucoma - excessive _____________ in eyeball.
Cataracts - cloudy _____________.
Floaties - looks like pieces of lint floating across your eye; more common as you get
_____________; from vitreous body pulling away from retina.
Detached retina - retina layer comes off the ____________ of the eyeball.
Images are upside down and _______________ when they reach the retina.
Smell - ________________ neuron for each different odor.
The more surface area the smell dendrites are exposed to, the ____________
sensitive they are.
Smell adapts pretty quickly.
Olfactory nerve - smell nerve.
Taste - composed of varying amounts of ________ different chemicals.
Papillae - taste _____________; where taste dendrites are.
Filiform papillae - other bumps on tongue which don't contribute to taste.
Some tastes are genetic.
Hot, spicy foods are __________ sensed by taste buds.
____________ receptors - sense how spicy the food is.
Taste buds decay with ____________.
Last updated: 8-26-04.