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Chapter 23 Circulation
Circulatory system
- takes _______________ and nutrients to all cells and removes carbon dioxide and waste products.
Open circulatory system
- blood baths the organs directly; no blood vessels; ________________.
Closed circulatory system - blood is confined to blood __________; humans
Arteries - carry blood _____________ from heart.
Arterioles - _____________ arteries.
Capillaries - where O2 / ____________________ exchange takes place.
Venules - small ____________.
Veins - carry blood _____________ the heart.
Valves - keep blood in _____________ flowing towards the heart.
Varicose veins - caused by the _____________ of vein valves.
Blood - made up of red blood cells, ______________ blood cells, platelets, plasma, and things that are
dissolved in plasma.
Plasma - fluid in the _____________________.
Superior vena cava - 2nd largest vein that brings in deoxygenated blood from ______________ body.
Inferior vena cava - _____________ vein that brings in deoxygenated blood from lower body.
Right atrium - receives deoxygenated blood; _____________ chamber on right side.
Tricuspid valve - connects right atrium & _____________ ventricle.
Right ventricle - deoxygenated blood; ______________ chamber on right side.
Pulmonary semilunar valve - connects _____________ ventricle & pulmonary arteries.
Pulmonary artery - deoxygenated blood; takes blood to _______________.
Lungs - respiratory organ to take in ______________ and give off carbon dioxide
Pulmonary vein - oxygenated blood; takes blood back to ____________ atrium.
Left atrium - ________________________ blood; upper chamber on left side.
Bicuspid (mitral) valve - connects left _______________ & left ventricle.
Left ventricle - oxygenated blood; _____________ chamber on left side.
Aortic semilunar valve - connects left ventricle & _____________.
Aorta - ______________ artery in the body; carries oxygenated blood to the body.
Coronary arteries - arteries that supply the _____________ muscle with oxygen.
Heart attack - complete obstruction of a coronary artery and some of the heart muscle dies from lack of
_______________.
Angina pectoris - chest pain from a ______________ obstruction of a coronary artery and some of the
heart isn't getting enough oxygen.
Stent - scrape the plaque out the _______________ arteries.
Angioplasty - stick a balloon catheter in, expand the balloon, expand the _______________, compress
the plaque.
Bypass surgery - takes a ____________ vein and uses it to replace one or more coronary arteries.
Systole - heart contraction; ___________ number
Diastole - ______________ relaxation; lower number.
Normal blood pressure is 120 / ___________.
Hypertension - 140 / 90; ______________ blood pressure.
Atherosclerosis - 120 / __________; hardening of the arteries.
Bad heart - ___________ / 80; heart not pumping good / elastic ok.
Factors that make heart beat harder: hormones, high temp, ____________ blood pressure, high
cholesterol / plaque, nicotine, fat tissue, lack of exercise.
Erythrocyte - __________ blood cell; carries oxygenated blood.
Anemia - ____________ number of RBCs.
Leukocyte - white blood cell; function in ____________ response.
Leukemia - cancer of leukocyte producing cells; too _____________ immature leukocytes.
Platelets - _____________ blood.
Hemophilia - missing one or _____________ of the clotting factors.
Stroke - a blood clot in the ______________.
Thrombosis - clotting in an _______________ blood vessel.
Embolus - piece of blood ________________ that has broken free and gets lodged in a small blood
vessel.
There are __________ different blood types - A, B, O, and AB.
Antigens - markers on _____________
Antibodies - your body makes against foreign antigens; plasma has antibodies to opposite
______________ type antigens.
Hemolysis - blood _______________ from incompatible blood types.
You are ______________ with antibodies against blood types.
You aren't born with antibodies to Rh factor; the first time you are exposed to the Rh factor, you make
antibodies; the _________________ time, your antibodies attack and hemolysis kills you.
Universal donor - can be given to anybody; type __________.
Universal recipient - can receive any blood type; type __________.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn - an Rh- mom makes antibodies to an __________ baby's blood and
attacks the next fetus; prevented by giving mom Rh+ antibodies.
To check blood type, we are trying to make the blood clump using synthetic antibodies.
Type A B AB O
Antigens A B A,B none
Antibodies B A none A,B
Receive A,O B,O A, B, AB, O O
Circulatory system
- takes _______________ and nutrients to all cells and removes carbon dioxide and waste products.
Open circulatory system
- blood baths the organs directly; no blood vessels; ________________.
Closed circulatory system - blood is confined to blood __________; humans
Arteries - carry blood _____________ from heart.
Arterioles - _____________ arteries.
Capillaries - where O2 / ____________________ exchange takes place.
Venules - small ____________.
Veins - carry blood _____________ the heart.
Valves - keep blood in _____________ flowing towards the heart.
Varicose veins - caused by the _____________ of vein valves.
Blood - made up of red blood cells, ______________ blood cells, platelets, plasma, and things that are
dissolved in plasma.
Plasma - fluid in the _____________________.
Superior vena cava - 2nd largest vein that brings in deoxygenated blood from ______________ body.
Inferior vena cava - _____________ vein that brings in deoxygenated blood from lower body.
Right atrium - receives deoxygenated blood; _____________ chamber on right side.
Tricuspid valve - connects right atrium & _____________ ventricle.
Right ventricle - deoxygenated blood; ______________ chamber on right side.
Pulmonary semilunar valve - connects _____________ ventricle & pulmonary arteries.
Pulmonary artery - deoxygenated blood; takes blood to _______________.
Lungs - respiratory organ to take in ______________ and give off carbon dioxide
Pulmonary vein - oxygenated blood; takes blood back to ____________ atrium.
Left atrium - ________________________ blood; upper chamber on left side.
Bicuspid (mitral) valve - connects left _______________ & left ventricle.
Left ventricle - oxygenated blood; _____________ chamber on left side.
Aortic semilunar valve - connects left ventricle & _____________.
Aorta - ______________ artery in the body; carries oxygenated blood to the body.
Coronary arteries - arteries that supply the _____________ muscle with oxygen.
Heart attack - complete obstruction of a coronary artery and some of the heart muscle dies from lack of
_______________.
Angina pectoris - chest pain from a ______________ obstruction of a coronary artery and some of the
heart isn't getting enough oxygen.
Stent - scrape the plaque out the _______________ arteries.
Angioplasty - stick a balloon catheter in, expand the balloon, expand the _______________, compress
the plaque.
Bypass surgery - takes a ____________ vein and uses it to replace one or more coronary arteries.
Systole - heart contraction; ___________ number
Diastole - ______________ relaxation; lower number.
Normal blood pressure is 120 / ___________.
Hypertension - 140 / 90; ______________ blood pressure.
Atherosclerosis - 120 / __________; hardening of the arteries.
Bad heart - ___________ / 80; heart not pumping good / elastic ok.
Factors that make heart beat harder: hormones, high temp, ____________ blood pressure, high
cholesterol / plaque, nicotine, fat tissue, lack of exercise.
Erythrocyte - __________ blood cell; carries oxygenated blood.
Anemia - ____________ number of RBCs.
Leukocyte - white blood cell; function in ____________ response.
Leukemia - cancer of leukocyte producing cells; too _____________ immature leukocytes.
Platelets - _____________ blood.
Hemophilia - missing one or _____________ of the clotting factors.
Stroke - a blood clot in the ______________.
Thrombosis - clotting in an _______________ blood vessel.
Embolus - piece of blood ________________ that has broken free and gets lodged in a small blood
vessel.
There are __________ different blood types - A, B, O, and AB.
Antigens - markers on _____________
Antibodies - your body makes against foreign antigens; plasma has antibodies to opposite
______________ type antigens.
Hemolysis - blood _______________ from incompatible blood types.
You are ______________ with antibodies against blood types.
You aren't born with antibodies to Rh factor; the first time you are exposed to the Rh factor, you make
antibodies; the _________________ time, your antibodies attack and hemolysis kills you.
Universal donor - can be given to anybody; type __________.
Universal recipient - can receive any blood type; type __________.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn - an Rh- mom makes antibodies to an __________ baby's blood and
attacks the next fetus; prevented by giving mom Rh+ antibodies.
To check blood type, we are trying to make the blood clump using synthetic antibodies.
Type A B AB O
Antigens A B A,B none
Antibodies B A none A,B
Receive A,O B,O A, B, AB, O O
Review for Test 3 Biology 1408
1. What is respiration?
2. What is pulmonary ventilation?
3. What is external respiration?
4. What is internal respiration?
5. What is cellular respiration?
6. Define gills, tracheae, spiracles, and lungs.
7. What are the three functions of the nose?
8. Where will you find the hard and soft palates?
9. What is the function of the Eustachian tube?
10. What is the epiglottis made of and what is its function?
11. What do vocal cords do?
12. Define bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli?
13. What is surfactant and when do babies start making it?
14. What does the upper respiratory consist of?
15. What does the lower respiratory consist of?
16. What is the purpose of the cardiac notch?
17. Describe inhale and exhale.
18. What are the 5 forms of breathing we talked about in class?
19. Define hypoxia, anoxia, and hyperventilation.
20. Where is hemoglobin found and what is it made up of?
21. What is missing in the hemoglobin of people with sickle cell anemia?
22. What are the seven things blood substitutes should be able to do?
23. What happens with asthma and emphysema?
24. Why is Tuberculosis getting harder to treat?
25. What is wrong with people who have cystic fibrosis?
26. Define undernourished, obesity and malnourished.
27. What are vitamins and minerals?
28. Define digestion.
29. What is absorption?
30. What are the five ways critters take in food? Define them.
31. Define herbivores, omnivores and carnivores.
32. Where does digestion begin?
33. What is found in saliva that converts starch to sugar?
34. How do you get dental caries?
35. How does food move through the esophagus?
36. What is peristalsis?
37. What is the function of the parietal cells and mucous cells and where are they found?
38. How do you get an ulcer?
39. What is acid reflux?
40. What is heartburn?
41. What is the difference between antacids and acid blockers?
42. What does pepsin do?
43. What are the two sphincters for and where are they found?
44. What is the job of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas?
45. Where does digestion begin?
46. What increases absorption in the small intestine?
47. Define what these substances convert: amylase, pepsin, nucleases, and lipase
48. What is the function of the large intestine?
49. What does the circulatory system do?
50. Define and open and closed circulatory system?
51. What do arteries carry?
52. What happens at the capillaries?
53. What do veins carry?
54. What do valves in the veins do?
55. What happens with varicose veins?
56. What is blood made up of?
57. What is the 2nd largest vein? What kind of blood does it transport and from where?
58. What is the largest vein? What kind of blood does it transport and from where?
59. Name each part of the heart and be able to tell which kind of blood it transports (oxygenated or
deoxygenated)?
60. Name the valves in the heart.
61. What is the aorta?
62. What do the coronary arteries supply?
63. What happens in a heart attack?
64. What is a stent?
65. What is angioplasty?
66. What is bypass surgery?
67. What is systole and diastole?
68. What is normal blood pressure?
69. What is hypertension?
70. What indicates a bad heart?
71. What are the eight factors we discussed in class that makes the heart beat faster?
72. What is anemia?
73. What is leukemia?
74. What is hemophilia?
75. What is a stroke, thrombosis, embolus?
76. What are the four blood types?
77. What are antigens?
78. What are antibodies?
79. Are you born with Rh factor? If not, when do you develop it?
80. What is the universal donor and universal recipient and what do they mean?
1. What is respiration?
2. What is pulmonary ventilation?
3. What is external respiration?
4. What is internal respiration?
5. What is cellular respiration?
6. Define gills, tracheae, spiracles, and lungs.
7. What are the three functions of the nose?
8. Where will you find the hard and soft palates?
9. What is the function of the Eustachian tube?
10. What is the epiglottis made of and what is its function?
11. What do vocal cords do?
12. Define bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli?
13. What is surfactant and when do babies start making it?
14. What does the upper respiratory consist of?
15. What does the lower respiratory consist of?
16. What is the purpose of the cardiac notch?
17. Describe inhale and exhale.
18. What are the 5 forms of breathing we talked about in class?
19. Define hypoxia, anoxia, and hyperventilation.
20. Where is hemoglobin found and what is it made up of?
21. What is missing in the hemoglobin of people with sickle cell anemia?
22. What are the seven things blood substitutes should be able to do?
23. What happens with asthma and emphysema?
24. Why is Tuberculosis getting harder to treat?
25. What is wrong with people who have cystic fibrosis?
26. Define undernourished, obesity and malnourished.
27. What are vitamins and minerals?
28. Define digestion.
29. What is absorption?
30. What are the five ways critters take in food? Define them.
31. Define herbivores, omnivores and carnivores.
32. Where does digestion begin?
33. What is found in saliva that converts starch to sugar?
34. How do you get dental caries?
35. How does food move through the esophagus?
36. What is peristalsis?
37. What is the function of the parietal cells and mucous cells and where are they found?
38. How do you get an ulcer?
39. What is acid reflux?
40. What is heartburn?
41. What is the difference between antacids and acid blockers?
42. What does pepsin do?
43. What are the two sphincters for and where are they found?
44. What is the job of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas?
45. Where does digestion begin?
46. What increases absorption in the small intestine?
47. Define what these substances convert: amylase, pepsin, nucleases, and lipase
48. What is the function of the large intestine?
49. What does the circulatory system do?
50. Define and open and closed circulatory system?
51. What do arteries carry?
52. What happens at the capillaries?
53. What do veins carry?
54. What do valves in the veins do?
55. What happens with varicose veins?
56. What is blood made up of?
57. What is the 2nd largest vein? What kind of blood does it transport and from where?
58. What is the largest vein? What kind of blood does it transport and from where?
59. Name each part of the heart and be able to tell which kind of blood it transports (oxygenated or
deoxygenated)?
60. Name the valves in the heart.
61. What is the aorta?
62. What do the coronary arteries supply?
63. What happens in a heart attack?
64. What is a stent?
65. What is angioplasty?
66. What is bypass surgery?
67. What is systole and diastole?
68. What is normal blood pressure?
69. What is hypertension?
70. What indicates a bad heart?
71. What are the eight factors we discussed in class that makes the heart beat faster?
72. What is anemia?
73. What is leukemia?
74. What is hemophilia?
75. What is a stroke, thrombosis, embolus?
76. What are the four blood types?
77. What are antigens?
78. What are antibodies?
79. Are you born with Rh factor? If not, when do you develop it?
80. What is the universal donor and universal recipient and what do they mean?