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Chapter 22 Gas Exchange
Respiration - exchange of _______________ and CO2.
Pulmonary ventilation - flow of air in and out of the _______________.
External respiration - exchange of O2 for CO2 at the ___________.
Internal respiration - exchange of O2 for CO2 at the individual _______________.
Cellular respiration - metabolism; the cells will use the O2 in reactions that ultimately produce ___________
and CO2.
Gills - extensions of the body surface for gas exchange; ______________.
Tracheae - extensive system of internal tubes; _______________.
Spiracles - ___________________ in insects' bodies; openings to tracheae.
Lungs - internal _______________ to exchange O2 and CO2.
The respiratory system starts with the ______________.
Nose functions.
1. Incoming air is _______________, moistened, and filtered.
2. Your nose ________________ things.
3. The nose also modifies the sounds for ________________; it helps you talk.
Hard palate - lower, _______________ portion of nose.
Soft palate - lower, ________________ portion of nose.
Pharynx - _______________.
Eustachian tube - connects the _____________ to the pharynx.
Larynx - _______________ box.
Epiglottis - cartilage covering larynx; keeps food out of trachea.
Vocal cords - in larynx; produce ______________.
Trachea - _______________.
Bronchi - branches to ______________ lung.
Bronchiole - _____________, microscopic branch before alveoli attached.
Alveoli - where O2 / CO2 _______________ takes place.
Surfactant - keeps alveoli ______________.
Upper respiratory system - ______________ and pharynx
________________ respiratory system - larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
Cardiac notch - ____________ lung has an indention where you can reach the heart without hitting the lung.
Inhale - lungs expand, air comes ________; diaphragm contracts.
Exhale - lungs decrease, air goes out; diaphragm _____________.
Eupnea - ___________ quiet breathing.
Apnea - temporarily ______________ breathing.
Dyspnea - ________________ breathing.
Tachypnea - ______________ breathing.
Bradypnea - ______________ breathing.
Too much __________________ in bloodstream makes you take a breath.
Hypoxia - __________ O2 content.
Anoxia - ___________ O2.
Hyperventilation - deep, rapid breaths that ___________ your body of CO2.
Hemoglobin - inside red blood cells; carries more oxygen than plasma alone; carries __________ oxygens.
Blood substitutes should:
1. be able to transport ______________.
2. be able to ________________ oxygen to tissues.
3. require _______________ blood typing.
4. be suitable for _____________ term storage.
5. be able to survive in circulation for several __________________.
6. be free of ________________ effects.
7. be free of pathogens.
Sickle cell anemia - hemoglobin is messed up; carries ______________ oxygens; sickled shape.
Fetal hemoglobin carries ________________ oxygen than maternal hemoglobin.
Asthma - trachea contracts; no _____________ gets in.
Emphysema - any situation where alveoli deteriorate; _____________ lung capacity.
Cystic fibrosis - bad Cl- transporter gene; ________________ mucus, can't breathe.
Tuberculosis (TB) - respiratory disease that is spread _______________; often resistant to antibiotics.
Last updated: 8-25-04.
Respiration - exchange of _______________ and CO2.
Pulmonary ventilation - flow of air in and out of the _______________.
External respiration - exchange of O2 for CO2 at the ___________.
Internal respiration - exchange of O2 for CO2 at the individual _______________.
Cellular respiration - metabolism; the cells will use the O2 in reactions that ultimately produce ___________
and CO2.
Gills - extensions of the body surface for gas exchange; ______________.
Tracheae - extensive system of internal tubes; _______________.
Spiracles - ___________________ in insects' bodies; openings to tracheae.
Lungs - internal _______________ to exchange O2 and CO2.
The respiratory system starts with the ______________.
Nose functions.
1. Incoming air is _______________, moistened, and filtered.
2. Your nose ________________ things.
3. The nose also modifies the sounds for ________________; it helps you talk.
Hard palate - lower, _______________ portion of nose.
Soft palate - lower, ________________ portion of nose.
Pharynx - _______________.
Eustachian tube - connects the _____________ to the pharynx.
Larynx - _______________ box.
Epiglottis - cartilage covering larynx; keeps food out of trachea.
Vocal cords - in larynx; produce ______________.
Trachea - _______________.
Bronchi - branches to ______________ lung.
Bronchiole - _____________, microscopic branch before alveoli attached.
Alveoli - where O2 / CO2 _______________ takes place.
Surfactant - keeps alveoli ______________.
Upper respiratory system - ______________ and pharynx
________________ respiratory system - larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
Cardiac notch - ____________ lung has an indention where you can reach the heart without hitting the lung.
Inhale - lungs expand, air comes ________; diaphragm contracts.
Exhale - lungs decrease, air goes out; diaphragm _____________.
Eupnea - ___________ quiet breathing.
Apnea - temporarily ______________ breathing.
Dyspnea - ________________ breathing.
Tachypnea - ______________ breathing.
Bradypnea - ______________ breathing.
Too much __________________ in bloodstream makes you take a breath.
Hypoxia - __________ O2 content.
Anoxia - ___________ O2.
Hyperventilation - deep, rapid breaths that ___________ your body of CO2.
Hemoglobin - inside red blood cells; carries more oxygen than plasma alone; carries __________ oxygens.
Blood substitutes should:
1. be able to transport ______________.
2. be able to ________________ oxygen to tissues.
3. require _______________ blood typing.
4. be suitable for _____________ term storage.
5. be able to survive in circulation for several __________________.
6. be free of ________________ effects.
7. be free of pathogens.
Sickle cell anemia - hemoglobin is messed up; carries ______________ oxygens; sickled shape.
Fetal hemoglobin carries ________________ oxygen than maternal hemoglobin.
Asthma - trachea contracts; no _____________ gets in.
Emphysema - any situation where alveoli deteriorate; _____________ lung capacity.
Cystic fibrosis - bad Cl- transporter gene; ________________ mucus, can't breathe.
Tuberculosis (TB) - respiratory disease that is spread _______________; often resistant to antibiotics.
Last updated: 8-25-04.