Chapter 20 Animal Structure and Function
Homeostasis - staying the same on the inside, while conditions change on the ________________.
_______________ - anything creates an imbalance in the internal environment. Example:
Negative feedback - feedback produces a negative response; enough of something makes ___________ of it;
example: a/c in house, insulin, glucagon.
Positive feedback - feedback produces ______________ response; enough of something makes more of it;
example: a/c in car, oxytocin during childbirth, blood clotting.
Disease - one of more components of the body ______________ their homeostatic ability; a noticeable impairment
of bodily function.
Cell - a bunch of ________________ get together.
Tissue - group of ___________ work together to do a particular function; epithelial, muscle, connective, and
nervous tissues.
Organ - several ________________ get together. Example:
Organ system - several ______________ working together. Example:
Epithelial tissue - covers and lines exposed surfaces; ____________, inside organs.
Epithelial cells are usually very _____________ to the next cell.
Apical surface - exposed side.
Basal surface - unexposed ____________ anchoring to the rest of body.
Avascular - there is no ____________ supply to epithelium.
Simple epithelium - a ______________ layer of cells
Stratified epithelium - more than one layer or type
Squamous - ___________ cells
Cuboidal - ____________ shaped cells
Columnar - _____________________ shaped cells
Pseudostratified epithelium - not all columns reach _____________ surface.
Endocrine glands - secrete hormones into the ____________________. Example:
Exocrine glands - secretions _________ the body. Example:
Mucus membrane - lines ______________ cavities opening to exterior.
Connective tissue - connects body together. Example:
Cells surrounded by matrix instead of each other.
Red blood cells - carry ______________ to all your cells and take carbon dioxide to your lungs.
_______________ blood cells - are part of your immune system.
Platelets - ________________ blood.
Cartilage - has no blood vessels; avascular; often found between ______________.
Bone - has blood vessels and ______________; supports the body.
Adipose - stores _____________.
Fibrous connective tissue - tendons and ligaments.
Tendon - cord that connects _______________ to bone
Ligament - connects _____________ to bone
______________ tissue - moves your body parts.
Skeletal muscle - striated; voluntary; ________________ muscles
Cardiac muscle - striated; involuntary; ____________ muscle
___________ muscle - nonstriated; involuntary; walls of hollow structures. Example:
Nervous tissue - sends ______________ messages throughout the body.
Neuron - one nerve ____________________ that transmits electrical impulses.
Dendrite - ____________ nerve information
Cell body - processes _______________ information
Axon - sends information on to the __________ cell
Organ - several ____________ get together.
Organ system - several ______________ working together.
Digestive system - takes in food, breaks it into small chemical units, and absorbs nutrients. Example:
Respiratory system - takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Example:
Cardiovascular system - delivers oxygen to cells and picks up carbon dioxide. Example:
Lymphatic system - ____________ system. Example:
Urinary system - makes urine. Example:
Endocrine system - secrete hormones for ______________ term messages. Example:
Reproductive system - makes _____________ generations. Example:
Nervous system - sends out ______________ messages. Example:
Muscular system - moves your body. Example:
Skeletal system - ___________ to move your body. Example:
Integumentary system - protects you from drying out. Example:
Last updated: 4-5-06.
Homeostasis - staying the same on the inside, while conditions change on the ________________.
_______________ - anything creates an imbalance in the internal environment. Example:
Negative feedback - feedback produces a negative response; enough of something makes ___________ of it;
example: a/c in house, insulin, glucagon.
Positive feedback - feedback produces ______________ response; enough of something makes more of it;
example: a/c in car, oxytocin during childbirth, blood clotting.
Disease - one of more components of the body ______________ their homeostatic ability; a noticeable impairment
of bodily function.
Cell - a bunch of ________________ get together.
Tissue - group of ___________ work together to do a particular function; epithelial, muscle, connective, and
nervous tissues.
Organ - several ________________ get together. Example:
Organ system - several ______________ working together. Example:
Epithelial tissue - covers and lines exposed surfaces; ____________, inside organs.
Epithelial cells are usually very _____________ to the next cell.
Apical surface - exposed side.
Basal surface - unexposed ____________ anchoring to the rest of body.
Avascular - there is no ____________ supply to epithelium.
Simple epithelium - a ______________ layer of cells
Stratified epithelium - more than one layer or type
Squamous - ___________ cells
Cuboidal - ____________ shaped cells
Columnar - _____________________ shaped cells
Pseudostratified epithelium - not all columns reach _____________ surface.
Endocrine glands - secrete hormones into the ____________________. Example:
Exocrine glands - secretions _________ the body. Example:
Mucus membrane - lines ______________ cavities opening to exterior.
Connective tissue - connects body together. Example:
Cells surrounded by matrix instead of each other.
Red blood cells - carry ______________ to all your cells and take carbon dioxide to your lungs.
_______________ blood cells - are part of your immune system.
Platelets - ________________ blood.
Cartilage - has no blood vessels; avascular; often found between ______________.
Bone - has blood vessels and ______________; supports the body.
Adipose - stores _____________.
Fibrous connective tissue - tendons and ligaments.
Tendon - cord that connects _______________ to bone
Ligament - connects _____________ to bone
______________ tissue - moves your body parts.
Skeletal muscle - striated; voluntary; ________________ muscles
Cardiac muscle - striated; involuntary; ____________ muscle
___________ muscle - nonstriated; involuntary; walls of hollow structures. Example:
Nervous tissue - sends ______________ messages throughout the body.
Neuron - one nerve ____________________ that transmits electrical impulses.
Dendrite - ____________ nerve information
Cell body - processes _______________ information
Axon - sends information on to the __________ cell
Organ - several ____________ get together.
Organ system - several ______________ working together.
Digestive system - takes in food, breaks it into small chemical units, and absorbs nutrients. Example:
Respiratory system - takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Example:
Cardiovascular system - delivers oxygen to cells and picks up carbon dioxide. Example:
Lymphatic system - ____________ system. Example:
Urinary system - makes urine. Example:
Endocrine system - secrete hormones for ______________ term messages. Example:
Reproductive system - makes _____________ generations. Example:
Nervous system - sends out ______________ messages. Example:
Muscular system - moves your body. Example:
Skeletal system - ___________ to move your body. Example:
Integumentary system - protects you from drying out. Example:
Last updated: 4-5-06.
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |